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Infection of the cervical spine x ray4/11/2024 Acute Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD). Course and Prognostic Factors for Neck Pain in Whiplash-Associated Disorders (WAD): Results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. Radiologic Evaluation of Chronic Neck Pain. Pathology and Treatment of Traumatic Cervical Spine Syndrome: Whiplash Injury. Whiplash: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Associated Injuries. fatty infiltration of the multifidus muscle of deepest dorsal neck.ligamentous injury, most often the alar and the transverse ligaments, that may be thicker and with signal alteration, which represents swelling and edema.Some findings in MRI studies of patients with whiplash-associated disorders are 1,6-8: MRI is recommended in patients with whiplash-associated disorders to evaluate for spur encroachment of the vertebral canal, disc herniations, fractures, ligament abnormalities, infection, or tumor 3. The usefulness of MRI in evaluating the ligamentous of the craniocervical junction is controversial in patients with acute whiplash injury 3,7. The craniocervical junction is a very vulnerable region of the cervical spine. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine is the best method for distinguishing between the various etiologies of neck pain, and for patients with neurologic signs or symptoms, as well as for the detailed assessment of the soft tissue 3,6. CTĬT is usually the initial imaging modality after cervical trauma because of the concern for fracture or another destabilizing injury 6. The most common radiographic abnormalities are a slight loss of the lordotic curve and spondylotic disease of the cervical spine 1. There are no reliable radiologic findings to accurately confirm or refute tissue injury in the majority of patients with whiplash-associated disorders 3,6. Whiplash consists of injuries to the ligaments, tendons, nerves, muscles, discs, and bones in the cervical spine, caused by an acceleration-deceleration mechanism of energy to the neck as a result, the head jerks back and forth 1-5,7. Whiplash injury is poorly understood, and there are many questions regarding the pathology of this syndrome 2. Other symptoms can be present in all grades such as headache, upper backache, numbness in head and face, temporomandibular joint pain, dizziness, tinnitus, hearing loss, double and blurred vision, dysphagia, angina-like chest pain, nausea and vomiting, paresthesias or pain in the shoulder, arm or hand, deficit of concentration, memory loss, sleeplessness, fatigability, irritability and depression 1,2,4. Grade IV, neck complaints accompanied by fracture or dislocation.Grade III, neck complaints accompanied by musculoskeletal and neurologic signs, with muscle weakness and sensory deficits.Grade II, neck complaints accompanied by musculoskeletal signs, with decreased range of motion and point tenderness.Grade I, neck pain, stiffness or tenderness, and no physical signs.Grade 0, no neck complaints and no physical signs.Whiplash usually manifests with a variety of clinical symptoms, termed whiplash-associated disorders 1,2,4,5. The Quebec Task Force on Whiplash Associated Disorders grades symptoms as follows 1,2,4,5: The diagnosis of whiplash is clinical because there are no neuropsychological, electrophysiological, or radiological studies that can diagnose whiplash injury 1. hyperextension, hyperflexion and lateral flexion mechanisms sustained in motor vehicle collisions (particularly rear-end automobile collision), sports accident, physical abuse, amusement park rides, or other trauma.Risk factors for whiplash syndrome include 2,3: Approximately 50% of these patients will have neck pain symptoms at one year postinjury 4,6, which lead to considerable chronic disability and results in a significant economic burden 1,2,4,5. The incidence of whiplash injury varies between different countries, and it may affect between 16 and 200 per 100,000 5. Whiplash is a common injury, usually associated with motor vehicle collisions 1-5.
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